Census vs Sampling – Comparison
"To count everyone or just a few?" That is the question. 🤔
1. Census Method (Complete Enumeration) 📋
[!NOTE] Definition: A method where every single item of the universe (population) is studied.
Example: Population Census of India (every 10 years).
Merits:
- 100% Accuracy (theoretically).
- Detailed information on every unit.
- Suitable for heterogeneous data.
Demerits:
- Very Expensive.
- Time Consuming.
- Requires huge manpower.
2. Sampling Method 🧪
[!NOTE] Definition: A method where only a representative part (sample) of the universe is studied.
Example: Checking quality of rice by taking a handful.
Merits:
- Economical (Money saver).
- Quick results (Time saver).
- More scientific (can check errors).
Demerits:
- Sampling Errors possible.
- Bias in selection.
- Needs expert knowledge.
Comparison Table ⚔️
| Basis | Census Method | Sampling Method |
|---|---|---|
| Coverage | Each & every unit | Only a few units |
| Cost | Very High | Low |
| Time | Very High | Low |
| Accuracy | High (if done well) | Reliable (if sample is good) |
| Suitability | Small population | Large population |
| Nature of Error | Non-sampling errors | Sampling + Non-sampling errors |
When to use which?
- Use Census if: Population is small, high accuracy needed, units are diverse.
- Use Sampling if: Population is infinite, testing is destructive (e.g., testing bullets), time/money is limited.
Summary
- Census = All. Sample = Part.
- Census is accurate but costly.
- Sample is fast but risky.
The Bottom Line: You don't drink the whole pot of tea to check if it's sweet - you take a sip (Sample)! ☕
Test Your Knowledge
Question 1 of 5
1. Which method studies every unit of the population?