Genetics and DNA Mining 🧬🔬

The human genome contains over 3 Billion base pairs. It is the ultimate "Big Data" set. Without data mining, it would take centuries to understand the human code. This field is often called Bioinformatics.

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1. Sequence Alignment & Matching

DNA is a long string of four letters: A, C, G, and T.

• The Task: Comparing a new patient's DNA to a known "Reference Genome."
• The Algorithm: Tools like BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) use data mining to find regions of similarity between sequences.
• The Discovery: Identifying a "Mutation" (a wrong letter in the sequence) that might cause a rare disease.

2. Structural Genomics (Protein Folding)

Genes provide the "Recipe" for proteins.

• Predictive Mining: Genes are 1D strings, but proteins are 3D shapes. Data mining predicts how a gene sequence will "Fold" into a 3D protein.
• Impact: Understanding protein folding is the key to curing diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

3. Pharmacogenomics: The End of "One Size Fits All"

• Predictive Safety: Data mining identifies which patients will have a "Side Effect" to a drug based on their DNA.
• Precision Dosage: Calculating the exact dose of a medicine for you specifically, based on how fast your body processes chemicals (Genetically determined).

Summary

• Genetics data mining deals with strings of 3 Billion+ characters.
• Sequence Alignment (BLAST) is the core technique for finding mutations.
• Structural Genomics predicts the 3D shapes of proteins.
• Pharmacogenomics leads to personalized, safer medicine.

Quiz Time! 🎯

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