Traditional Data Management Systems
Before Big Data, there was "Just Data" – and it was managed very differently!
1. What are Traditional Data Management Systems?
Definition: Software systems designed to store, retrieve, and manage structured data in an organized manner.
The Old-School Approach: Think of it like a well-organized library:
- 📚 Books arranged by category (structured)
- 🗂️ Dewey Decimal System (schema/rules)
- 📖 You know exactly where each book is (predictable)
2. Types of Traditional Systems
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3. RDBMS - The King of Traditional Systems 👑
Full Form: Relational Database Management System
Examples:
- MySQL (used by Facebook initially)
- Oracle Database (HDFC Bank, Indian Railways)
- Microsoft SQL Server (Many Indian corporations)
- PostgreSQL (Open-source alternative)
How It Works:
Imagine a B.Com college database:
Students Table:
| Student_ID | Name | Course |
|---|---|---|
| 101 | Raj | B.Com |
| 102 | Priya | B.Com |
Attendance Table:
| Student_ID | Date | Present |
|---|---|---|
| 101 | 2024-01-10 | Yes |
| 102 | 2024-01-10 | No |
The Magic: You can "join" these tables using Student_ID to see Raj's attendance!
4. Key Features of Traditional Systems
✅ ACID Properties (Super Important for Exams!)
| Property | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Atomicity | All or nothing | Bank transfer: Money debits from Account A AND credits to Account B (both must happen!) |
| Consistency | Data follows rules | Account balance cannot be negative |
| Isolation | Transactions don't interfere | Two people buying the last concert ticket - only one succeeds |
| Durability | Data is permanent | Once saved, it stays saved (even if power fails) |
ACID = Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability. Always explain with banking example for full marks!
5. SQL - The Language of RDBMS
SQL (Structured Query Language) is how you "talk" to traditional databases.
Common Commands:
-- Find all B.Com students
SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Course = 'B.Com';
-- Count total students
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Students;
-- Update student name
UPDATE Students SET Name = 'Rajesh' WHERE Student_ID = 101;
Why Students Love It: Easy to learn, logical, English-like!
6. Traditional System Architecture
User → Application → Database Server → Storage
Example - IRCTC Old System:
- User: You search for trains
- Application: IRCTC website
- Database: Oracle Database with train schedules
- Storage: Hard disks storing millions of records
Problem: During Tatkal booking at 10 AM, the system would crash because too many users hit it simultaneously!
7. Advantages of Traditional Systems
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8. Where They're Still Used Today
Traditional ≠ Obsolete!
Even in 2024, traditional systems power:
- 🏦 All Indian banks (Core Banking Systems)
- 🚂 Railway reservations (improved now, but still RDBMS)
- 📊 Tally (accounting software)
- 🏢 SAP/Oracle ERP (enterprise management)
Why?: For transactional data (money, invoices, stock), RDBMS is still the best!
9. Real-World Example - SBI Bank
System: Oracle Database
Data Stored:
- Customer accounts
- Transaction history
- Loan records
- Fixed deposits
Daily Operations:
- 70 million+ accounts
- Millions of transactions/day
- All ACID-compliant (critical for money!)
Summary for Exams
- RDBMS: Stores structured data in tables
- ACID Properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
- SQL: Language to interact with databases
- Strengths: Structure, reliability, proven track record
- Still Relevant: Banking, accounting, ERP systems
When comparing traditional vs Big Data systems, NEVER say "traditional is bad" – say "traditional is perfect for structured transactional data, but struggles with volume/variety/velocity"
Quiz Time! 🎯
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