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Bill Discounting – Working Capital Support

Introduction

Bill Discounting is a fund-based financial service where a bank buys a bill (Bill of Exchange) from a seller before its due date for a fee (Discount). It is a major source of working capital.


1. Process

  1. Sales: Seller sells goods to Buyer on credit (e.g., ₹1 Lakh, 90 Days).
  2. Draws Bill: Seller draws a bill. Buyer accepts it.
  3. Discounting: Seller gives bill to Bank. Bank deducts interest (say ₹2000) and pays balance (₹98,000) to Seller.
  4. Collection: On 90th day, Bank collects ₹1 Lakh from Buyer.

2. Difference: Factoring vs Bill Discounting

FeatureBill DiscountingFactoring
InstrumentBill of Exchange (Negotiable Instrument)Invoice (Not a negotiable instrument)
RegulationNI Act, 1881Factoring Regulation Act
ServicePure FinancingFinancing + Collection + Ledger Mgmt
RecourseAlways with Recourse (Seller pays if Buyer defaults)Can be Non-Recourse

3. Importance for MSMEs

  • MSMEs often face delayed payments from big corporates.
  • TReDS (Trade Receivables Discounting System): An electronic platform by RBI where MSMEs can auction their bills to multiple banks to get the best rate.

Summary

  • Nature: Short term borrowing against a Bill.
  • Security: The Bill itself (and Seller's credit).
  • TReDS: RBI platform for digital discounting.

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